AHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide-3)

Hair Growth Copper Peptide | Dermal Papilla Stimulator

Weight: 416.9 Da
Half-life: Not established
Chain: 3 amino acids
4 studies
2023 latest
2 recent
Well Studied
Dose 0.5-1% topical solution/serum
Frequency Once or twice daily application
Cycle 12-24 weeks minimum for hair growth, ongoing for maintenance
Storage Topical preparations: 2-8°C refrigerated in dark glass container, use within 30 days. Protect from light and heat

Community Research

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Synthetic copper-binding tripeptide targeting dermal papilla cells and hair follicles. Stimulates hair follicle elongation, promotes cell proliferation, increases VEGF production, and inhibits TGF-β1. Supports skin regeneration through fibroblast activation and collagen synthesis.

Mechanism of Action

AHK-Cu penetrates scalp delivering copper directly to dermal papilla cells. Activates proliferation pathways, elevates Bcl-2/Bax ratio (anti-apoptotic), increases VEGF for blood flow, reduces TGF-β1, and promotes SOD production for oxidative stress reduction.

01 Hair follicle elongation stimulation
02 Dermal papilla cell proliferation
03 VEGF upregulation for improved scalp circulation
04 TGF-β1 reduction (counters DHT effects)
05 Anti-apoptotic protection for follicles
06 Collagen synthesis support
07 Convenient topical application
08 Fibroblast activation for skin regeneration

Molecular Data

Molecular Weight
416.9 Da
Chain Length
3 amino acids
Type
Copper tripeptide complex
Amino Acid Sequence
L-Alanyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine (Ala-His-Lys)

Complex or non-standard sequence format

Research Indications

Hair Growth
Hair Follicle Elongation most effective

Ex vivo studies demonstrate AHK-Cu stimulates human hair follicle elongation at concentrations as low as 10⁻¹² M, promoting longer anagen phase.

Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation most effective

Increases proliferation of dermal papilla cells, the key regulatory cells for hair follicle cycling and hair growth.

VEGF Upregulation most effective

Boosts vascular endothelial growth factor production, improving blood flow and nutrient delivery to hair follicles.

Anti-DHT Mechanism most effective

Reduces TGF-β1 secretion and oxidative stress (via SOD), both contributing to DHT-induced follicle miniaturization.

Skin Regeneration
Fibroblast Stimulation effective

Activates fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis for improved skin structure and wound healing.

Anti-Apoptotic Effects effective

Elevates Bcl-2/Bax ratio and reduces caspase-3 activation, protecting cells from programmed death.

Extracellular Matrix Support effective

Promotes collagen and ECM component deposition for tissue renewal and repair.

Dosing Protocols

Primary and most researched delivery route. Penetrates scalp and skin to target dermal papilla cells and fibroblasts. Most effective for hair growth and skin regeneration applications.

GoalDoseFrequencyRoute
Hair Growth - Scalp Application0.5-1% solution/serumOnce or twice dailyTopical to scalp
Hair Growth - Combined Protocol0.3-0.5% AHK-Cu with minoxidilOnce or twice dailyTopical to scalp
Skin Regeneration0.3-1% in serum/creamOnce or twice dailyTopical to skin
DIY FormulationAdd 0.3-1% to water phaseCool-down phase (<40°C)Custom formulation

Reconstitution Instructions

Materials Needed:
  • AHK-Cu powder (99% purity)
  • Distilled water or suitable carrier (alcohol-free)
  • pH meter or strips (target pH 5.5-7.0)
  • Dark glass dropper bottle for storage
  • Sterile work surface
  1. 1 Calculate amount needed for desired concentration (e.g., 100mg for 1% in 10mL)
  2. 2 Dissolve AHK-Cu powder in distilled water or water phase of formulation
  3. 3 Verify pH is between 5.5-7.0 - adjust if necessary (avoid pH below 5)
  4. 4 Add to cool-down phase of formulation (<40°C / 104°F) - heat degrades peptide
  5. 5 Mix gently until fully incorporated - do not shake vigorously
  6. 6 Transfer to dark glass container to protect from light
  7. 7 Store refrigerated at 2-8°C
  8. 8 Use within 30 days of preparation

Interactions

++
GHK-Cu
Complementary copper peptides targeting different aspects of tissue regeneration. GHK-Cu excels at skin repair while AHK-Cu targets hair follicles.
synergistic
++
Minoxidil
Both promote hair growth via different mechanisms - minoxidil via potassium channel opening and vasodilation, AHK-Cu via dermal papilla stimulation.
synergistic
++
Finasteride/Dutasteride
5-alpha reductase inhibitors block DHT production while AHK-Cu may help counter DHT effects on follicles.
synergistic
!
Copper Supplements
Risk of copper toxicity when combined with additional copper sources. Monitor total copper intake.
avoid
+
BPC-157
Different tissue repair mechanisms - BPC-157 promotes systemic healing while AHK-Cu targets skin/hair.
compatible
~
Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic Acid)
Low pH of ascorbic acid can destabilize copper peptides. Use at different times.
monitor
~
AHA/BHA Acids
Acidic exfoliants can destabilize copper peptide complexes. Use at different times.
monitor
~
Retinol/Retinoids
Both are potent actives that can cause irritation. Introduce slowly or use at different times.
monitor
++
Hyaluronic Acid
Excellent combination - hyaluronic acid provides hydration and supports peptide penetration.
synergistic

What to Expect

Week 1-2
No visible changes; peptide is working at cellular level
Week 2-4
Some users report reduced hair shedding; scalp may feel healthier
Month 1-2
Vellus (fine) hairs may begin appearing in thinning areas
Month 2-3
New growth becoming visible; existing hairs may appear thicker
Month 3-4
Noticeable improvement in hair density and quality
Month 4-6
Significant results visible; continued improvement expected
Month 6-12
Full results achieved with consistent use

Side Effects & Safety

Common Side Effects

  • Generally well-tolerated with excellent safety profile in topical applications
  • Rare scalp irritation (patch test recommended)
  • Potential for mild redness on sensitive skin

Stop Signs - Discontinue if:

  • Persistent scalp irritation, itching, or burning
  • Allergic reaction: rash, hives, swelling
  • Increased hair shedding that doesn't improve after 4-6 weeks
  • Signs of copper sensitivity: metallic taste, nausea
  • Skin discoloration at application site
  • Any unexpected adverse reactions

Contraindications

  • Not for use on broken or infected skin
  • Avoid eye area - may cause irritation
  • Do not use if allergic to copper or peptides
  • Not recommended during acute skin infections

Quality Checklist

Good Signs

  • Light blue powder - characteristic color from copper complex
  • 99%+ purity with COA - pharmaceutical/cosmetic grade
  • Proper copper complexation - dissolves to clear light blue solution
  • pH-stable formulation - between 5.5-7.0

Warning Signs

  • Liposomal delivery preferred for enhanced penetration and stability

Bad Signs

  • Discolored or degraded appearance - brown, green, or colorless indicates degradation
  • pH below 5.0 - destabilizes copper peptide complex

References

  • The effect of tripeptide-copper complex on human hair growth in vitro
    Pyo HK, Yoo HG, Won CH, Lee SH, Kang YJ, Eun HC, Cho KH, Kim KH
    Archives of Pharmaceutical Research (2007)

    AHK-Cu (10⁻¹² to 10⁻⁹ M) stimulated human hair follicle elongation ex vivo and dermal papilla cell proliferation in vitro. Elevated Bcl-2/Bax ratio and reduced cleaved caspase-3/PARP levels indicate anti-apoptotic mechanism. Also increased VEGF production and decreased TGF-β1 secretion.

  • Effects of copper tripeptide on the growth and expression of growth factors by normal and irradiated fibroblasts
    Canapp SO Jr, Farese JP, Schultz GS, Gowda S, Ishak AM, Swaim SF, Vangilov J, Lee-Ambrose L, Martin FG
    Wound Repair and Regeneration (2005)

    Copper tripeptide (GHK-Cu) accelerates growth of normal and irradiated fibroblasts. Early increase in bFGF and VEGF production by treated fibroblasts; normal and keloid-producing fibroblasts treated with copper tripeptide secreted less TGF-β1.

  • Human skin penetration of a copper tripeptide in vitro as a function of skin layer
    Mazurowska L, Mojski M
    Skin Pharmacology and Physiology (2010)

    Copper tripeptide permeated through dermatomed skin with coefficient of 2.43 × 10⁻⁴ cm/h. 136.2 μg/cm² copper permeated over 48h while 97 μg/cm² retained as depot, demonstrating therapeutically effective amounts for topical delivery.

  • Thermodynamically stable ionic liquid microemulsions pioneer pathways for topical delivery and peptide application
    Sikorska C et al.
    International Journal of Pharmaceutics (2023)

    Novel delivery system using thermodynamically stable ionic liquid microemulsions to improve topical delivery and stability of copper tripeptides including AHK-Cu.

Disclaimer

This information is for educational and research purposes only. Consult a healthcare professional before use.