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VIP

Extensively Studied

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide | Neuropeptide

Dose 50-100 mcg per dose (up to 200 mcg in research protocols)
Frequency 1-2 times daily due to very short 2-minute half-life
Cycle As prescribed for specific condition
Storage Lyophilized powder: 2-8°C refrigerated; Reconstituted: use immediately (very short stability, ~2 minute half-life)

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide belonging to the glucagon/secretin superfamily. It is produced in many tissues including the gut, pancreas, and brain. VIP has potent vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. It binds to VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors, triggering cAMP-mediated signaling cascades. Research shows therapeutic potential for pulmonary hypertension, diabetes, neurological disorders, and autoimmune conditions.

Mechanism of Action

VIP binds to VPAC1 and VPAC2 G protein-coupled receptors, activating adenylyl cyclase and increasing intracellular cAMP and PKA activity. This triggers phosphorylation of CREB and other transcription factors. VIP causes vasodilation through NO-dependent and independent mechanisms, stimulates intestinal secretion, relaxes smooth muscle, inhibits gastric acid secretion, and has positive inotropic/chronotropic cardiac effects.

Key Benefits

  • Potent vasodilation and blood pressure reduction
  • Strong anti-inflammatory effects
  • Immunomodulation (Th1-Th2 balance)
  • Neuroprotective effects
  • Bronchodilation
  • Cardioprotective (positive inotropic effects)
  • Insulin secretion enhancement (glucose-dependent)
  • Gut barrier and permeability regulation
Molecular Weight
3,326 Da
Chain Length
28 amino acids
Type
Neuropeptide
Amino Acid Sequence
One-letter: HSDAVFTDNYTRLRKQMAVKKYLNSILN?
H₂N
H 1
O C
N
S 2
O C
N
D 3
O C
N
A 4
O C
N
V 5
O C
N
F 6
O C
N
T 7
O C
N
D 8
O C
N
N 9
O C
N
Y 10
O C
N
T 11
O C
N
R 12
O C
N
L 13
O C
N
R 14
O C
N
K 15
O C
N
Q 16
O C
N
M 17
O C
N
A 18
O C
N
V 19
O C
N
K 20
O C
N
K 21
O C
N
Y 22
O C
N
L 23
O C
N
N 24
O C
N
S 25
O C
N
I 26
O C
N
L 27
O C
N
N 28
O C
N
H
? 29
COOH
His
1

Histidine

Position 1

Ser
2

Serine

Position 2

Asp
3

Aspartic Acid

Position 3

Ala
4

Alanine

Position 4

Val
5

Valine

Position 5

Phe
6

Phenylalanine

Position 6

Thr
7

Threonine

Position 7

Asp
8

Aspartic Acid

Position 8

Asn
9

Asparagine

Position 9

Tyr
10

Tyrosine

Position 10

Thr
11

Threonine

Position 11

Arg
12

Arginine

Position 12

Leu
13

Leucine

Position 13

Arg
14

Arginine

Position 14

Lys
15

Lysine

Position 15

Gln
16

Glutamine

Position 16

Met
17

Methionine

Position 17

Ala
18

Alanine

Position 18

Val
19

Valine

Position 19

Lys
20

Lysine

Position 20

Lys
21

Lysine

Position 21

Tyr
22

Tyrosine

Position 22

Leu
23

Leucine

Position 23

Asn
24

Asparagine

Position 24

Ser
25

Serine

Position 25

Ile
26

Isoleucine

Position 26

Leu
27

Leucine

Position 27

Asn
28

Asparagine

Position 28

NH2
29

NH2

Position 29

N-terminus C-terminus
Hydrophobic
Polar
Positive (+)
Negative (-)
Modified

Cardiovascular

  • Pulmonary Hypertension

    VIP inhalation shows striking efficacy with increased mixed venous oxygen saturation and exercise capacity.

  • Vasodilation

    Dilates peripheral blood vessels through NO-dependent mechanisms above 100 pmol doses.

  • Cardiac Support

    Coronary vasodilation with positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart.

Neurological

  • Neuroprotection

    Promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other neurological disorders.

  • Autism Spectrum Disorders

    Potential therapeutic target being researched for ASD.

  • Circadian Rhythm

    Produced in suprachiasmatic nuclei; involved in circadian regulation.

Metabolic & Immune

  • Diabetes Support

    Promotes insulin secretion in glucose-dependent manner via VPAC2; low hypoglycemia risk.

  • Anti-Inflammatory

    Potent anti-inflammatory effects useful in IBD and autoimmune conditions.

  • Sarcoidosis

    Therapeutic potential for pulmonary and systemic sarcoidosis.

VIP has a very short half-life of approximately 2 minutes in blood, requiring careful dosing strategies. Subcutaneous or intravenous administration. Rapid degradation limits bioavailability; analogs like stearyl-Nle17-VIP (SNV) are 100-fold more potent.

GoalDoseFrequencyRoute
General use50-100 mcg1-2x dailySubQ or IV
Research protocols100-200 mcgAs directedSubQ or IV

Reconstitution Instructions

Materials Needed:
  • Bacteriostatic water (BAC)
  • Insulin syringes
  • Alcohol swabs
  • Peptide vial
  • Sterile work surface
  1. 1 Clean work area and hands thoroughly
  2. 2 Calculate required BAC water volume
  3. 3 Draw BAC water into syringe
  4. 4 Inject slowly down vial side
  5. 5 Gently swirl until dissolved (never shake)
  6. 6 Use promptly due to short stability
BPC-157

No known negative interactions; different mechanisms.

compatible
Thymosin Alpha-1

Both have immunomodulatory effects; may complement each other.

synergistic
LL-37

Both have anti-inflammatory properties.

compatible
Minutes

Rapid vasodilation and hemodynamic effects

Hours

Anti-inflammatory signaling activated

Days-Weeks

Cumulative effects on inflammation and immune balance

Ongoing

Sustained benefits with regular administration

Common Side Effects

  • Vasodilation (flushing, warmth)
  • Hypotension
  • Increased heart rate
  • Gastrointestinal effects (diarrhea possible)
  • Headache

Stop Signs - Discontinue if:

  • Severe hypotension
  • Allergic reaction symptoms
  • Severe diarrhea
  • Cardiac arrhythmias

Contraindications

  • Severe hypotension
  • VIPoma or related tumors
  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • Severe cardiac conditions

Good Signs

  • White lyophilized powder
  • Clear solution after reconstitution
  • Intact vacuum seal

Warning Signs

  • Use quickly after reconstitution (unstable)

Bad Signs

  • Discolored powder
  • Cloudy solution
  • Particulates visible
  • VIP as New Drug for Treatment of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
    Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

    VIP inhalation showed striking efficacy with increased mixed venous oxygen saturation and exercise capacity.

  • Therapeutic Potential of VIP and VPAC2 in Type 2 Diabetes
    Frontiers in Endocrinology (2022)

    VIP promotes glucose-dependent insulin secretion via VPAC2, reducing hypoglycemia risk.

  • Therapeutic Potential of VIP in Neurological Disorders
    CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics (2010)

    VIP and receptors are promising therapeutic targets for AD, PD, and autism spectrum disorders.

  • VIP Structure and Function for Therapeutic Applications
    Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2011)

    Comprehensive review of VIP receptor signaling and therapeutic applications.

Disclaimer

This information is for educational and research purposes only. Consult a healthcare professional before use.